"Blog 10: Caste based reservation policy of India”

Reservation Policy in India is the process of reserving a specified amount of seats (maximum 50%) in government educational institutions, government positions, and so on for a specific class such as Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes, and so on.

In India, the reservation policy has been in place for a long time. Its origins can be traced back to ancient times, when the practise of 'untouchability,' the caste system, and the Varna system were prevalent in society. In ancient times, Hindu society was split into Varna, Jatis, or classes, with the Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Shudras descending in social hierarchy. Untouchables were a different class of people, or rather, no class of people. These untouchables were deemed unfit for society and were thus excluded from the social structure. They were forced to live outside of the hamlet and were denied social privileges. If their shadow was thrown on upper-class individuals in some sections of the nation, such as Southern India, it was thought that the person had become dirty. They were subjected to rigorous limitations regarding social meetings and social life, and if they disobeyed any social standard, they were severely punished, and in some cases, killed.

The separation of society based on purity and impurity rules was a brutal system that harmed the development and advancement of these lower-caste people, where an individual's skill and work were recognised just because he was a member of a lower caste. Many instances are mentioned in epics such as the Mahabharata where a warrior like Karna was denied the opportunity to demonstrate his abilities just because he was a Shudra. Because of his caste, he was often called 'Shudra Putra' and insulted.

The then-existing caste structure was a crucial factor in the establishment and advancement of India's Reservation Policy. The idea of granting reservations to a specific group of people arose from the widespread atrocities perpetrated against that group. The adoption of the Reservation Policy in India was motivated by the desire to provide them with equal opportunities and status in society, as well as to uplift them socially, bringing them on par with other sections of society and, more importantly, to bring development to the lower strata of society.

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